Optimal use of waste heat of condenser of thermal power plant. Power plant cooling and associated impacts the need to modernize u. Commonly, the cooling water flows through the tube side and the steam enters the shell side where the condensation occurs on the outside of the heat transfer tubes. The generating capacity of a power plant is dependent on the performance of the steam surface condenser. Tm is the log mean temperature difference given as t t. If the waste heat is instead used for district heating, it is called cogeneration. The file contains all details of the condenser and cooling tower systems or thermal power plant.
Some power plants have an open cycle once through cooling water system where water is taken from a body of water, such as a river, lake or ocean, pumped through the plant condenser and discharged back to the source. Effect of condenser backpressure on power plant heat rate. Steam condensers for thermal power plants market size, average pricing and key regulations to 2020 reference code. Major concerns for a stations performance are thermal efficiency factors, maintenance loss, plant load factors, forced outages and plant availability p r o c e s s. May 05, 2017 a condenser in a power plant is a heat exchanger. In thermal power generation, highpressure steam is used to drive a turbine, which in turn rotates the generator directly connected to the turbine to generate power. Insert photo of your choice us department of energy. Which one of the following describes the effect of a 5 percent decrease in cooling water flow rate through the main condenser on. Intube condensation analogous to aircooled condensers. Pdf analysis of a condenser in a thermal power plant for possible. Effect of condenser backpressure on power plant heat rate and thermal efficiency rakesh bhoi1 nirvesh mehta2 kedar bhojak3 1,2department of mechanical engineering 1,2ldrpitr, gandhinagar, gujarat, india abstractthermal power plants are used to generate electricity by using fossil fuels. The condenser performance test and thermal performance. This is the part of the subject power plant engineering in gtu slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising.
Panipat thermal power station is a project of haryana power generation company limited situated in panipat jind road at about 11kms. Oncethrough wet cooling wet recirculating evaporative dry cooling with air. India has large deposit of coal about 170 billion tonnes, 5th largest in world. First, a brief introduction of ffpp fundamentals and con. Panipat thermal power station is situated at a distance of about 12 km. Oct 11, 2017 condenser in power plants is nothing but an equipment which is used to convert steam gas phase coming from turbines to water liquid phase. Motor characteristics fan motor power must be equal to that required by the fan shaft power divided by the motor and gear box. In this study, thermal power plants, based on ideal rankine cycle, steam is condensed while the pressure of the condenser changes between 0. Steam turbines are one of the most versatile and oldest prime mover technologies still in general production used to drive a generator or mechanical machinery. Optimization of a condenser in a thermal power plant. How does a condenser work in a thermal power plant. In power plant engineering condensers contains air and steam mixture.
Surface condenser is the commonly used term for a watercooled shell and tube heat exchanger installed on the exhaust steam from a steam turbine in thermal power stations. August 2012 global steam condenser market expected to grow in future global electricity consumption has increased at a compound annual growth rate cagr of xx% over the past xx years. The first four units was bifurcated from the total 8 units of the plant. These steam conditions are considered representative of current market offerings in the u. This steam is then expanded in a turbine to produce. For example, a number of power plants in india had to shut down temporarily during 2016 due to a lack of water, including five units totalling 1600 mw at the farakka coalfired power plant in west bengal, and four units 2600 mw in total at the tiroda plant in maharashtra power, 2016. In a thermal power plant, the bfp is one of the critical auxiliary machines that are equivalent to the heart of the plant. The effect of this condensation on condenser area and effects to the cost is investigated. Major concerns for a stations performance are thermal. Condenser optimization in steam power plant springerlink.
For power plants, 34inch, 78inch, and 1inch od tubes are the most prevalent sizes. Demand for electrical power is increasing at a repaid pace in our country. This document provides an indepth look at plant modeling in energyplus. Different types of condensor are available in plants but all works on same principle when. This document provides an in depth look at plant modeling in energyplus. The energy of a thermal power station not utilized in power production must leave the plant in the form of heat to the environment. The first four units was bifurcated from the total 8 units of the plant, so that to form panipat thermal power station i and ii. It is also important to note that, since areas of coal and lignite deposits are often short of water, this freedom of plant location opens. Air is the environmentally preferred, and sometimes the only, choice for power plant cooling. Assume that main steam and main condenser circulating water mass flow rates do not change. Power plant performance at various steps help in improving the power generation capacity.
A steam surface condenser is a critical component of a power plant. A surface condenser is an example of such a heatexchange system. For the same turbine power output the water consumed by an aircooled condenser incorporating a hybrid drywet dephlegmator is at least 20% less than an aircooled condenser with adiabatic cooling of the inlet air. In this cycle, water is heated in the steam generator to produce high temperature and pressure steam.
Aircooled condensers for next generation power plants. Decrease in the condensate pump required net positive suction head. Steam power plant configuration, design, and control. An analysis of a thermal power plant working on a rankine cycle. Rankine cycle the rankine cycle used in modern power plants has many more components, but the four components are common to all power plants. Steam condensers for thermal power plants market size. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. This guide serves as an aid to help model plant systems in energyplus simulations. Power plant cooling and associated impacts the need. Example 4, steam jet air ejector, the circulatingwater system, system. Which one of the following describes the effect of a 5 percent decrease in cooling water flow rate through the main condenser on steam cycle thermal efficiency. Novel dry cooling technology for power plants energy. Condensate subcooling occurs frequently due to inadequate original condenser design, especially in not having allowed enough vapor to bypass the tube bundles and reheat the condensate as it cascades down through them.
More than 60% of electric power is produced by steam plants in india. For power generation, condenser subcooling is undesirable since it results in an increase in turbine heat rate that represents a loss of cycle efficiency. May 04, 2009 heat exchanger 4 lmtd method questions 1. When the performances of the condenser will more the operation efficiency of thermal power plant. Condenser subcooling is also undesirable because the condensate may contain noncondensible gases that could. Steam in the condenser of a power plant is to be condensed at a temperature of 30c with cooling water from a nearby lake, which enters the tubes of the condenser at 14c and leaves at 22c. In order to meet the repaid increase in demand the installation of thermal power station is on obvious choice. An introduction to condensers and auxiliary equipment for. A nuclear power plant is operating at 90 percent of rated power. At present, four units of 110 mw, two units of 210 mw and two units of 250 mw each are generating electricity. The current thermal power plants have an efficiency of about 35%.
All of these factors would tend to have a negative impact on a units thermal efficiency. The condenser performance test and thermal performance analysis of variable conditions in tqnpc article pdf available in energy and power engineering 0504. Thermal power plant is based on the rankine cycle and in ideal rankine cycle, there are 4 processes and those are heat addition at constant pressure in boiler, isentropic expansion in turbine, constant pressure heat rejection in condenser and isentropic compression in pumps. In a country where hardly any city gets 24hour supply of. The process of power generation from fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas is water intensive. Thus, a thermal power station may sometimes called as a steam power station. Condenser w 0 steam power plant q h h out 4 1 the thermal efficiency of the rankine cycle is determine from net out th in in k 1 wq qq where w q q w w net in out turbine, out pump, in deviation of actual vapor power cycle from idealized ones the actual vapor power cycle differs from the ideal rankine cycle, as a result of. Change of rate of condenser area is calculated, relative to the condenser pressure drops. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which either drives an electrical generator or does some other work, like ship propulsion. In thermal power plants, the purpose of a surface condenser is to condense the exhaust steam from a steam turbine to obtain maximum efficiency, and also to convert the turbine exhaust steam into pure water referred to as steam condensate so that it may be reused in the steam generator or boiler as boiler feed water. Pdf the condenser performance test and thermal performance. Study of the effectiveness of the turbine condenser air extraction.
Finally, an aircooled condenser is more expensive that its watercooled equivalent. Condenser is one of the important auxiliary equipments in nuclear power plants. So now we will discuss about the condenser, which plays a very vital role in the cycle. For the same turbine power output the water consumed by an aircooled condenser incorporating a hybrid drywet dephlegmator is at least 20% less than an aircooled. The pge belchatow power plant is the biggest thermal power plant in europe and second largest fossilfuel power station in the world.
Sep 29, 2016 a surface condenser is an example of such a heatexchange system. Fundamentals of air cooled steam condensers after coal, water to. Condenser and cooling tower power plant engineering. Thermal power stations introduction thermal energy is the major source of power generation in india. Abstract in a thermal power plant, one of the main parts is considered that is a condenser, which is used to condensate the lowpressure steam into a liquid. After the steam passes through the steam turbine, it is condensed in a condenser and again fed back into the boiler to become steam. Condensers larger than 50,000 square feet normally use at least 1inch tubes. The first steam turbine used for power generation was invented in 1884. The thermal efficiency of the entire unit was mostly depended on the condenser performance. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter2 steam power. Decrease in the ideal steam cycle thermal efficiency. As a general rule, 34inch tubes are used in small condensers up to 15,000 square feet, 78inch tubes are used in condensers between 15,000 and 50,000 square feet.
Power plants and protect our water resources and aquatic ecosystems pdf. Maarky condensers are designed to provide the lowest backpressure which, in turn, maximizes the output from the power plant. Nrc generic fundamentals examination question bankpwr. Dry steam noncondensing geothermal power plant 7 the direct noncondensing cycle is the simplest and cheapest option for generating geothermalelectricity. So, the power plant performance is very important for having higher plf. Inland plants away from large water bodies prefer to use closed cycle wet cooling system with wet cooling towers. The most common methods for largescale heat dissipation include. Conventional subcritical thermal power plant 33% efficient. Plant refers to the subset of hvac that involves hydronic equipment for heating, cooling, and service water heating or domestic hot water. In this paper the effects of the condenser design parameters such as turbine inlet condition, turbine power and condenser pressure on heat transfer area, cooling water flowrate, condenser cost and specific energy generation cost are studied for surface type condenser. How is thermal power plant condenser is different from other condenser. Nttps is modeled and numerically analyzed in solidworks flow simulation. In thermal power station condenser place a vital role. Condenser in power plants is nothing but an equipment which is used to convert steam gas phase coming from turbines to water liquid phase.
It is a shell and tube heat exchanger installed at the outlet of every steam turbine in thermal power stations. Presently, in thermal power plants, the steam used to run the turbine to generate power i. This waste heat can go through a condenser and be disposed of with cooling water or in cooling towers. Effect of condenser backpressure on power plant heat rate and. Thesis performance of an aircooled steam condenser.
Steam from the geothermal well is simply dry steam noncondensing geothermal power plant passed through a turbine and exhausted to theatmosphere. Thermal energy from heat source thermal energy to ambient. A thermal power station is a power plant in which the prime mover is steam driven. The results are given in the text and also shown as diagrams. One other problem is the noise created by the large number of fans, which may introduce its own environmental problem. The function of the condenser is to convert the saturated steam at the exhaust of the turbine to water that can be reused in the boiler to again convert it to steam. The power plant is one of the coal based power plants of hpgcl. For completely arid inland areas, if a power plant incorporating steam cycle is needed, there is no other practical choice than dry cooling, opening new territories for plant sites. Optimize power plant operations primary air secondary air coal coal handling mills ash ash air heater esp id fans. This article provides an overview of fossilfuel power plant ffpp con. Pdf power plant lecture notes chapter2 steam power plant.
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